Introduction to the structure of electrical connectors

In addition to meeting the general performance requirements, the particularly important requirement is that the electrical connector must achieve good contact, reliable operation and easy maintenance. Whether it works reliably or not directly affects the normal operation of the aircraft circuit and involves the safety of the whole host. For this reason, the host circuit has very strict requirements on the quality and reliability of electrical connectors, and it is precisely because of the high quality and reliability of electrical connectors that it is also widely used in aviation, aerospace, national defense and other military systems. Commonly used classification methods of electrical connectors include shape, structure, use, etc.

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Structure: The electrical connector consists of a fixed-end electrical connector, that is, a female contact (referred to as a socket), and a free-end electrical connector, that is, a male contact (referred to as a plug). The socket is fixed on the electrical components through its square (round) plate (some are welded). The plug is generally connected to the cable, and the plug and socket are connected by connecting nuts. The electrical connector consists of three basic units: shell, insulator and contact body. Shell: The electrical connector shell refers to the shell, connecting nut and tail accessory of the plug and socket. The function of the shell is to protect the internal parts of electrical connectors such as insulators and contacts (generally referred to as pins and jacks) from damage. The positioning keyway above ensures the positioning of the plug and socket. The connecting nut is used for connecting and disconnecting the plug seat. The tail attachment is used to protect the termination of the conductor and the contact body from damage and to secure the cable. The shell also has a certain electromagnetic shielding effect. The shell is generally made of aluminum alloy processing (machining, cold extrusion, die casting). Steel shells are mostly used for glass sealing welding and high-temperature resistant electrical connectors. Insulator: Install pin insulator, install jack insulator. It consists of interface sealing body, wire sealing body, etc. Is used to keep the pin jack in the set position, and electrically insulate each contact body and each contact body and the housing from each other. Sealing measures are obtained by adding insulator and interface sealing body and wire sealing body, so as to improve the environmental resistance of electrical connectors. In order to adapt to the high temperature, low temperature and flame retardancy of products, and ensure the stability and reliability of geometric dimensions of parts. Most of the insulators are molded by thermosetting plastics. The interface sealing body and wire sealing body are formed by silicone rubber molding: the contact body includes male contacts and female contacts, sometimes also called pin jacks. The connection methods are divided into welding type, crimping type, press-in type and winding type, etc., to realize circuit connection. Pin jack is the key component of electrical connector, which directly affects the reliability of electrical connector. Most of the pins and jacks are made of elastic copper alloy materials with good conductivity, and the surfaces are silver-plated and gold-plated to achieve the purpose of low contact resistance and anti-corrosion. Generally, there are split slot sockets, wire spring sockets, crown spring sockets and punched sockets. The structural characteristics are: environmental resistance, bayonet type (fast) connection, multi-key position (anti-wrong insertion), crimping connection between contact body and wire, (single pick-up and delivery is convenient for troubleshooting). Shell plus shielding environmental protection certificate 360 ° electromagnetic interference shielding ability

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