What are the standards for wire harnesses? What are the functional characteristics properties of wire harnesses?

A wire harness is a combination of wires formed by combining a plurality of wires, signal wires, optical fibers, etc., and fixing them together through an insulating sleeve or a protective sleeve. Wiring harnesses are used in a wide variety of industries and applications, including automotive, aerospace, electronics, communications, and more. Wiring harnesses have various functional features and characteristics. Some common wiring harness standards and their functional features will be introduced below: IPC/WHMA-A-620 Standard: IPC/WHMA-A-620 is one of the most commonly used wiring harness manufacturing and assembly standards in the electronics industry. The standard is jointly developed by IPC (International Electronics Association) and WHMA (Wire Harness Manufacturers Association), which specifies the process requirements of wire harness assembly, the physical characteristics of wire harness, electrical performance and reliability requirements, etc. It ensures the quality and reliability of the wiring harness and is the reference standard for wiring harness manufacturing in the electronics industry. UL Standards: UL (Under writers Laboratories), an independent safety certification body in the United States, has developed a series of safety and reliability standards for wire harness manufacturers. UL standards cover the design, material, electrical performance, temperature and other requirements of the harness to ensure that the harness meets safety standards and can operate normally in a specific working environment. ISO standards: ISO (International Organization for Standardization) has developed a series of standards related to wire harnesses, such as ISO 9001 (Quality Management System), ISO 14001 (Environmental Management System), etc. These standards require harness manufacturers to establish and comply with an effective quality management system to ensure the quality and reliability of the harness. MIL-STD Standard: MIL-STD is an abbreviation for a U.S. military standard that defines technical requirements for military equipment and systems. Military and aerospace wiring harnesses often need to comply with MIL-STD standards to meet their special requirements of high reliability, anti-interference and durability. The functional features and characteristics of the wiring harness include the following aspects: Wire protection: The wiring harness can combine multiple wires, signal lines, etc., and fix them through insulating sleeves or protective sleeves, thus providing protection for the wires and preventing the wires from external physical damage and environmental impact. Wiring arrangement: The harness can arrange multiple wires into an orderly harness, avoid the confusion caused by the interweaving of wires, and improve the manageability and maintainability of wires. Signal transmission: The wiring harness can combine and integrate multiple signal lines to realize signal transmission and conduction. Signal interference and electromagnetic interference can be reduced and signal transmission quality and stability can be improved through reasonable wiring harness design and layout. Power supply: The harness can combine and connect power lines to provide power supply to equipment and systems. The power cord in the harness usually has enough current carrying capacity and safety performance to meet the power demand of the equipment. Environmental adaptability: The harness can be designed and manufactured according to specific application scenarios and environmental requirements. For example, in the automotive industry, the wiring harness needs to have the characteristics of high temperature resistance, low temperature resistance, vibration resistance and corrosion resistance to adapt to the complex automotive working environment. Identification and Identification: Each wire in the harness is usually identified and marked by color coding, numbering, or labeling to facilitate proper connection and maintenance. This helps to reduce the difficulty of installation errors and troubleshooting, and improve the reliability and repair efficiency of the harness. Harness standards include IPC/WHMA-A-620, UL, ISO, and MIL-STD, which specify requirements for harness fabrication and assembly. The functional features and characteristics of wiring harness mainly include wire protection, wiring arrangement, signal transmission, power supply, environmental adaptability and identification. The selection of a harness that meets the requirements of the standard and has the right characteristics can provide reliable electrical connections, signal transmission and power supply to meet the needs of various applications.

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