Introduction to Automotive Wiring Harness Functions

In modern automobiles, there are many automobile wiring harnesses, and the electronic control system is closely related to the wiring harness. Someone once made a vivid analogy: if the functions of the microcomputer, sensors, and actuators are compared to the human body, it can be said that the microcomputer is equivalent to the human brain, the sensors are equivalent to the sensory organs, and the actuators are equivalent to the motor organs, then the wiring harness is the nerves and blood vessels. The automobile wiring harness is the main body of the automobile circuit network, which connects the electrical and electronic components of the automobile and makes them function. Without the wiring harness, there is no automobile circuit. At present, whether it is a luxury car or an economic ordinary car, the form of wiring harness is basically the same, which is composed of wires, connectors and wrapping tape. It should not only ensure the transmission of electrical signals, but also ensure the reliability of the connection circuit, supply the specified current value to the electronic and electrical components, prevent the electromagnetic interference to the surrounding circuit, and eliminate the short circuit of electrical appliances.

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The automotive wiring harness can be divided into two types in terms of function: the power line carrying the power to drive the actuator (actuator) and the signal line transmitting the input command of the sensor. The power line is a thick wire that carries a large current, and the signal line is a thin wire that does not carry power (optical fiber communication); for example, the cross-sectional area of the wire for the signal circuit is 0.3 or 0.5 mm2. The sectional area of the wire for the motor and actuator is 0.85 and 1.25 mm2, while the sectional area of the wire for the power circuit is 2, 3 and 5mm, and the special circuit (starter, alternator, engine grounding wire, etc.) has different specifications of 8, 10, 15 and 20mm. The larger the cross-sectional area of the wire, the greater the current capacity. In addition to considering the electrical performance, the selection of wires is also restricted by the physical performance of the vehicle, so the selection range is very wide. For example, the wires between the frequently opened/closed doors on a taxi and across the car body should be made of conductors with good flexing properties. Conductors used in high temperature parts are generally coated with vinyl chloride and polyethylene with good insulation and heat resistance. In recent years, the use of electromagnetic shielding wires in weak signal circuits has been increasing. With the increase of automobile functions and the widespread application of electronic control technology, there are more and more electrical parts and wires, the number of circuits and power consumption on automobiles increase significantly, and the wiring harness becomes thicker and heavier. This is a big problem that needs to be solved. How to make a large number of wiring harnesses in the limited automotive space, how to arrange them more effectively and reasonably, and how to make the automotive wiring harnesses play a greater role, has become a problem faced by the automotive industry.

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