How quantum computing needs are met with connectors

Martin Spooner notes that the development of quantum computing and high-qubit machines has prompted the need for microwave cables to control and read quantum processors. Typically, both the control and sense lines are supplied by separate coaxial cables configured with SMA connectors. However, they are limited in the package they provide due to the use of 8 mm hex coupling nuts. This form also requires additional space to use these tools during installation. A high-density, multi-way connector based on a SMPM interface, i.e., a microinterface with a DC frequency range of 65 GHz, not only enables more coaxial wires in a given space, but also simplifies the installation and customization of the internal of the dilution condenser. SMA connectors are typically used with a spacing limit of about 16 mm, while these high density connectors are designed with a spacing of 4.75 mm. The SMPM interface provides a simple push-fit connection that requires only one hex wrench to tighten two fasteners.

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The cooling condition is that the operating temperature of the quantum machine is close to absolute zero, and this process can be realized by DR. A typical DR includes a vacuum-tight top plate and a cooling phase below that, during which time temperatures below 20 mK are reached. Each cooling stage is separated by baffles and heat shields to reduce heat transfer. Cables are installed between each layer and connected by terminal blocks, and good heat must be provided. The cable, attenuator and microwave components are fully heated at different temperature stages, which is not only of great significance to reduce the thermal load of DR, but also to reduce the thermal noise of DR. At the top of the DR, the glass seal provides a vacuum seal, and each gas is 1 × 10-8 CC He/Sec. They can be combined into custom designed top plates and standard ISO or KF type plates. In connector construction, ISO 100 boards typically support up to 120 coaxial cables. Custom panels can support more coax cables. Between stages of cooling, standard unsealed feed-through plates are required, which are simply machined to interface the mounting holes with the connectors. The connector body includes a flange that is tightly coupled to the top or bottom surface of the board to provide thermal energy and close off any radiation paths. The "coaxial cable bar" from the top to the bottom component can be customized with attenuators, cable types, and materials to provide connections from room temperature to all cooling stages to cryogenic levels. The instrument performs RF measurements at room temperature and provides DC resistance, return loss, and insertion loss data up to 40 GHz. Most applications are lower than that. Connectors are machined from high purity copper, beryllium copper, and gold plated to increase thermal conductivity. If necessary, specify a non-magnetic version. The cable is compatible with coaxial cable sizes up to 0.047 inches, or 1.19 mm, and is available in semi-rigid, flexible, or adaptable versions. Semi-rigid cables are available in niobium titanium, stainless steel, copper, cupronickel, and beryllium copper, combined with silver-plated conductors, depending on the thermal conductivity and attenuation required. In order to minimize the passive heat load, cable materials with low thermal conductivity are generally selected, but this is often closely related to cable materials with poor electrical conductivity other than superconductors. A flexible cable with silver-plated copper conductors is typically used to connect to the DR top to connect to the control electronics at room temperature and is wired with conventional SMA connectors. At the lowest level, a consistent copper coaxial selection is usually used.

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